freeman
المـديـر العـــام
عدد المساهمات : 19143
تاريخ التسجيل : 05/01/2011
العمر : 64
الموقع : http://sixhats.jimdo.com/
 | موضوع: smokers-smoking  الأربعاء يوليو 13, 2011 11:02 pm | |
| Malcolm Gladwell uses strong evidence and research to back up all his facts and opinions in The Tipping Point. When discussing the teenage smoking epidemic in the West he uses facts and evidence from research projects carried out by scientists, influential professors, psychologists and economists. This a a bibliography for The Tipping Point along with my added notes.
Eysenck.H.J, 1965, Smoking,Health and Personality,p80.
Gladwell uses a reference from Hans Eysenck, the influential British psychologist, found in Smoking, Health and Personality. Eysenck agrues that serious smokers can be identified through certain personality traits. Gladwell uses Eysenck’s research to state that a typical smoker is an extrovert, a kind of person who likes to socialise, is impulsive and somebody who takes risks but loses their temper easily.
Eysenck.H.J, 1991, Smoking,Personality and Stress,p.27.
Gladwell uses statistics and research found in Eysenck’s Smoking,Personality and Stress to support his opinion on the connection between smokers and sexual behaviour. Results in the mentioned study show that 40% more nineteen year old girls at college who smoke have had sex than those who don’t smoke. This supports Gladwell’s opinion that smokers have a much greater sex drive than nonsmokers.
Glassman.A.H, 1988, Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.259, pp.2863-2866.
Gladwell uses Glassman as a source to back up his argument that there is a link between smoking and depression. This link was discovered in 1986 from a study of psychiatric outpatients in Minnesota that found out half of them smoked, well over the national average. Glassman also found out that 60% of heavy smokers he was studying as part of an entirely different research project had a history of major depression. These studies both back up Gladwell’s opinion.
Harris.J.R, 1998, The Nurture Assumption.
Gladwell uses this source as evidence that genes are more to do with smokers than nurture. A study of real and adopted parents showed that it isn’t all influence and conditioning, its mostly genes that are more effective in someone becoming a smoker.
Krogh.D,1991, Smoking:The Artificial Passion.
David Krogh is referenced by Gladwell about the experiments and ‘lie’ tests psychologists have carried out to link smokers with honesty. Krogh describes that are always more truthful on the tests than non-smokers. One of Krogh’s theorys that Gladwell references explains that their lack of deference and their surfiet of defiance combine to make them relatively indifferent to what people think of them.
Rowe.D.C, 1994, The Limits of Family Influence.
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لا أحد يظن أن العظماء تعساء إلا العظماء أنفسهم. إدوارد ينج: شاعر إنجليزي
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